تمرینات دستور زبان مقدماتی(2)
|
Chapter 8 |
1. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions. For example:
He would like to help us.
Would he like to help us?
He would not like to help us.
Would he not like to help us?
Wouldn't he like to help us?
He would like to help us, wouldn't he?
1. She would find it easy.
2. They would be on time.
2. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with the auxiliary would. For example:
I __________ some coffee. (to like)
I would like some coffee.
_____ he _______ us? (to believe)
Would he believe us?
They _____ not ____ the interruption. (to mind)
They would not mind the interruption.
_____ you not ______ to stay at home? (to prefer)
Would you not prefer to stay at home?
1. We ____________ our best. (to try)
2. _______ you not __________ your glasses? (to need)
3. I ________________ everything carefully. (to plan)
4. _______ they _____________ us? (to remember)
5. _______ he not ________ willing to help them? (to be)
3. Complete the following polite requests and suggestions, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with the auxiliary would. For example:
_____ you ____ some help? (to like)
Would you like some help?
_____ you please ____ me the way to the post office? (to tell)
Would you please tell me the way to the post office?
1. _________ you _________ for some coffee? (to care)
2. ________ you not _________ to visit the library? (to prefer)
3. I think it ______________ wise to let them know. (to be)
4. _________ you please __________ here? (to wait)
5. I _________ not _____________ that excursion. (to recommend)
6. _________ you ___________ the door open? (to hold)
4. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions. For example:
She would be arriving by bus.
Would she be arriving by bus?
She would not be arriving by bus.
Would she not be arriving by bus?
Wouldn't she be arriving by bus?
She would be arriving by bus, wouldn't she?
1. You would be coming with us.
2. He would be setting an example.
5. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Continuous conjugation with the auxiliary would. For example:
I ________________ for good weather. (to wish)
I would be wishing for good weather.
_____ you ___________ them? (to visit)
Would you be visiting them?
He _____ not ____________ to come. (to expect)
He would not be expecting to come.
______ they not ____ their car? (to drive)
Would they not be driving their car?
1. I _______ not _____________ overtime. (to work)
2. _______ she not ______________ to stay? (to intend)
3. He _________________ for us to call. (to wait)
4. _______ they ___________ warm clothes? (to wear)
5. You ____________________ twenty dollars on books. (to spend)
6. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions. For example:
It would have been a disaster.
Would it have been a disaster?
It would not have been a disaster.
Would it not have been a disaster?
Wouldn't it have been a disaster?
It would have been a disaster, wouldn't it?
1. We would have told you.
2. They would have won.
7. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Perfect conjugation with the auxiliary would. For example:
They ________________ this interesting. (to find)
They would have found this interesting.
_____ she __________ without us? (to come)
Would she have come without us?
He _____ not _________ the map. (to lose)
He would not have lost the map.
_____ we not ________ him the news? (to tell)
Would we not have told him the news?
1. I _____________________ everything. (to arrange)
2. She _______ not ______________ to come. (to forget)
3. _______ they not ______________ what to do? (to know)
4. _______ he _______________ this route? (to choose)
5. We _______________________ them make a contribution. (to let)
8. Rewrite the following sentences so that they refer to the past, by changing the verbs from the Simple conjugation to the Perfect conjugation. For example:
I would like to come.
I would have liked to come.
Would he appreciate it?
Would he have appreciated it?
They would not mind.
They would not have minded.
Would she not remember us?
Would she not have remembered us?
1. They would mail us their address.
2. Would you recognize him?
3. He would not order pizza.
4. Would I not need your help?
9. Rewrite the following sentences so that they refer to the present, by changing the verbs from the Perfect conjugation to the Simple conjugation. For example:
It would have been preferable.
It would be preferable.
Would we have succeeded?
Would we succeed?
They would not have understood.
They would not understand.
Would you not have preferred to go?
Would you not prefer to go?
1. Would she have drunk the lemonade?
2. You would not have wanted to be late.
3. We would have begun at once.
4. I would not have stayed up all night.
10. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions. For example:
I would have been playing in the orchestra.
Would I have been playing in the orchestra?
I would not have been playing in the orchestra.
Would I not have been playing in the orchestra?
Wouldn't I have been playing in the orchestra?
I would have been playing in the orchestra, wouldn't I?
1. He would have been listening to the radio.
2. She would have been watering the lawn.
11. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Perfect Continuous conjugation with the auxiliary would. For example:
He ____________________ to see us. (to hope)
He would have been hoping to see us.
_____ you __________________ to come? (to plan)
Would you have been planning to come?
We _____ not _________________ rubber boots. (to wear)
We would not have been wearing rubber boots.
_____ she not ___________________ this? (to expect)
Would she not have been expecting this?
1. I _______________________ to catch the bus. (to hurry)
2. _______ you __________________ with us? (to stay)
3. He _______ not ___________________ by train. (to travel)
4. _______ we not ____________________ you here? (to meet)
5. They ______________________ to Halifax. (to come)
12. Put each of the following sentences into the past, by changing the verb from the Continuous conjugation to the Perfect Continuous conjugation. For example:
I would be enjoying it.
I would have been enjoying it.
Would she be preparing for the trip?
Would she have been preparing for the trip?
We would not be entertaining such suspicions.
We would not have been entertaining such suspicions.
Would he not be organizing the evidence?
Would he not have been organizing the evidence?
1. I would be investigating the report.
2. Would he be following the shoreline?
3. You would not be listening to rumors.
4. It would be growing colder.
13. For each of the following sentences, change the verb in the main clause from the Simple Present to the Simple Past; and change the verb in the subordinate clause from the Simple Future to the future in the past. If necessary, alter the adverb or adverb phrase referring to time. For example:
He thinks it will snow tomorrow.
He thought it would snow the next day.
We believe she will succeed.
We believed she would succeed.
I think she will come next week.
I thought she would come the next week.
1. I promise I will help you.
2. She says the letter will arrive tomorrow.
3. The boys are certain that their plane will fly.
4. We expect the weather will improve.
5. He maintains that he will win next year.
6. We feel that the plan will not work.
|
Chapter 9 |
1. Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present Subjunctive of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:
They insisted that she _____ at once. (to come)
They insisted that she come at once.
The proposal that she ______ us has merit. (to meet)
The proposal that she meet us has merit.
1. He suggested that I _________ ready by eight o'clock. (to be)
2. We request that she _________ the window. (to open)
3. They demanded that he _________ the room. (to leave)
4. I will ask that she _____________ me. (to accompany)
5. They recommended that he _________ to Bermuda. (to fly)
6. The request that we ______ ready to leave at six is a nuisance. (to be)
2. Complete each of the following sentences with the Past Perfect Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets. For example:
They wished they ___ not ____. (to come)
They wished they had not come.
I wish I ________ ready on time. (to be)
I wish I had been ready on time.
Will she wish she __________ her bicycle? (to ride)
Will she wish she had ridden her bicycle?
1. I wish I ______ not ____________ the answers. (to lose)
2. They wished they ______ not _____________ the appointment. (to forget)
3. He will wish he __________________ us the book. (to show)
4. Will they wish we __________________ them some food? (to give)
3. Complete each of the following sentences with the Simple Past Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets. For example:
He wished he ____ able to do it. (to be)
He wished he were able to do it.
I wish I ______ with you. (to agree)
I wish I agreed with you.
They will wish they _____ time to come. (to have)
They will wish they had time to come.
1. I wish it _________ possible to finish the work tonight. (to be)
2. Will he wish he ______ ready? (to be)
3. She wished she _________ how to sing. (to know)
4. We wish they ____________ to come with us. (to want)
4. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with would. For example:
They wished the sun ___________. (to shine)
They wished the sun would shine.
Does she wish it __________? (to snow)
Does she wish it would snow?
You will wish the bell _________. (to ring)
You will wish the bell would ring.
1. They wished she __________________ the arrangements. (to make)
2. He will wish you __________________ him. (to help)
3. She wishes the mail _______________. (to come)
4. We wished they _________________. (to hurry)
5. Paying attention to the underlined adverbs indicating time, complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the verb shown in brackets. Use the Past Perfect Subjunctive, the Simple Past Subjunctive, or the Simple conjugation with would, depending on whether the time of the action referred to in the subordinate clause is earlier than, the same as, or later than, the time of making the wish. For example:
We wished they _________ us earlier. (to call)
We wished they had called us earlier.
She wishes she ____ in Rome now.
She wishes she were in Rome now.
I wish you __________ with us tomorrow. (to come)
I wish you would come with us tomorrow.
1. I wish he ___________ here now. (to be)
2. I wish that you _____________ here yesterday. (to be)
3. We wish you ________________ tomorrow. (to come)
4. You will wish you ______________ earlier. (to leave)
5. They wished he _________________ with them the next day. (to come)
6. We wish you ________________ yesterday. (to arrive)
7. I wish that he ______________ us next year. (to visit)
8. She wishes that she ___________ at home now. (to be)
6. For each of the following sentences, rewrite the subordinate clause, using the form in which the word if is omitted. For example:
If I were in your position, I would pay close attention.
Were I in your position, I would pay close attention.
If it had been raining, we would have used our umbrellas.
Had it been raining, we would have used our umbrellas.
1. If he were here, he would lend us his car.
2. If I had remembered their address, I would have sent them a card.
3. If we were not waiting for a telephone call, we would go downtown.
4. If they had recognized her, they would have spoken to her.
7. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with would. For example:
We __________ if we were ready. (to come)
We would come if we were ready.
_____ you _____ more if you had time? (to travel)
Would you travel more if you had time?
If they saw us, they _____ not _________ us. (to recognize)
If they saw us, they would not recognize us.
_____ you not ____ glad if you were rich? (to be)
Would you not be glad if you were rich?
1. If we were hitchhiking, ________ you ________ to pick us up? (to stop)
2. If we waited for him, we ________ not ________ on time. (to be)
3. ________ he ________ us know if we made a mistake? (to let)
4. I ________ not _______ to have a party if you were not there. (to want)
5. If you knew more about her, you ________________ your opinion. (to change)
6. ________ you ________ pizza if you did not like it? (to order)
7. ________ they not ________ to come if we asked them? (to agree)
8. We ________ not _________ a car unless we were insured. (to drive)
8. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Perfect conjugation with would. For example:
If it had rained, I ________________ at home. (to stay)
If it had rained, I would have stayed at home.
_____ you _________ with us if we had asked you? (to come)
Would you have come with us if we had asked you?
If he had hurried, he _____ not ___________ the bus. (to miss)
If he had hurried, he would not have missed the bus.
_____ she not __________ if she had seen us? (to wave)
Would she not have waved if she had seen us?
1. If he had arrived late, ________ we ______________ without him? (to begin)
2. If they had felt thirsty, ________ they not _____________ the lemonade? (to drink)
3. If we had been here, we _______ not ______________ the fireworks. (to miss)
4. If his office had called, _______ he not _______________ to work? (to return)
9. The following statements contain false or improbable conditions. Paying attention to the underlined adverbs indicating time, complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the appropriate conjugations with would. use the Simple conjugation for actions pertaining to the present or the future, and use the Perfect conjugation for actions pertaining to the past. For example:
If you came with us now, you _________ everything. (to see)
If you came with us now, you would see everything.
_____ he __________ us yesterday if we had slept in? (to wake)
Would he have woken us yesterday if we had slept in?
1. If he were here now he _______ not ___________ to help us. (to hesitate)
2. I ___________________ the book last week if I had known you wanted it. (to finish)
3. ______ you ______________ to him last night if you had seen him? (to speak)
4. If they were old enough, they __________________ the contest next week. (to enter)
5. ______ she not ____________ a vacation now if she had more time? (to take)
6. If he had sent a message, we ______________________ it two days ago. (to receive)
10. For each of the following sentences, complete the subordinate clause with the Simple Past Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets. For example:
If he ____ in town, he would call us. (to be)
If he were in town, he would call us.
Would you go to the party if you ________ an invitation? (to receive)
Would you go to the party if you received an invitation?
If he ___ not ____ his work, he would find another job. (to like)
If he did not like his work, he would find another job.
1. If he ________ rich, he would travel. (to be)
2. _________ I not anxious to meet him, I would stay at home. (to be)
3. He would have more free time if he ______ not _________ so hard. (to work)
4. If I _________ a car, I would visit Cape Breton. (to have)
5. We would take the bus if it _________ to snow. (to begin)
11. For each of the following sentences, complete the subordinate clause with the Past Perfect Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets. For example:
If I __________ him to do it, he would have obeyed me. (to order)
If I had ordered him to do it, he would have obeyed me.
Had it not ______ yesterday, we would have raked the leaves. (to snow)
Had it not snowed yesterday, we would have raked the leaves.
1. I would not have got lost if I ______________ the map. (to study)
2. _______ he _________ at home, we would have visited him. (to be)
3. We would have invited him if we ________________ he would come. (to think)
4. He would have applied for the job if he _______________ the advertisement. (to see)
5. We would not have ordered tea, ______ we __________ how late it was. (to know)
12. The following statements contain false or improbable conditions. Paying attention to the underlined adverbs indicating time, complete the subordinate clauses with the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets. Use the Simple Past Subjunctive for actions pertaining to the present or the future, and use the Past Perfect Subjunctive for actions pertaining to the past. For example:
If she ____ here now, she would be admiring the rose bushes. (to be)
If she were here now, she would be admiring the rose bushes.
___ he ______ here last week, we would have met him. (to stay)
Had he stayed here last week, we would have met him.
1. If he _________ here now, we would ask his opinion. (to be)
2. We would have forgotten our tickets last night, if she ____not ________ us. (to remind)
3. _____ I ________ earlier, I would have arrived on time yesterday. (to leave)
4. Would you visit Spain next summer, if you _________ enough money? (to have)
5. If it _________________ yesterday, we would not need to water the lawn. (to rain)
13. Change each of the following sentences from a statement containing a probable condition to a statement containing a false or improbable condition. Following the model of the examples, change the underlined verb in the subordinate clause from the Simple Present Indicative to the Simple Past Subjunctive; and change the underlined verb in the main clause from the Simple Future to the Simple conjugation with would. For example:
If she is angry, she will scold us.
If she were angry, she would scold us.
If he wins, we will congratulate him.
If he won, we would congratulate him.
They will join us, if we send them a message.
They would join us, if we sent them a message.
1. If they want to see you, they will come to the party.
2. If he is curious, he will ask what we are doing.
3. She will help us, if she has time.
4. If they work hard, they will succeed.
5. If I find the culprits, I will teach them a lesson.
14. Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the Imperative form of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:
____ the door. (to open)
Open the door.
Don't ______ to come. (to forget)
Don't forget to come.
1. Don't __________ out late. (to stay)
2. Please _________ ready on time. (to be)
3. Don't ___________ about that. (to worry)
4. _________ your own business! (to mind)
5. _________ careful not to trip. (to be)
|
Chapter 10 |
1. Change the following affirmative statements into questions. For example:
I may go.
May I go?
We could have found it.
Could we have found it?
1. I must leave at four o'clock.
2. He might be leaving for work now.
3. We can solve the puzzle.
4. You should have called him.
5. They could have been waiting for the bus.
2. Change the following affirmative statements into negative statements. For example:
I can answer the question.
I cannot answer the question.
He shall be sorry.
He shall not be sorry.
1. You must come with us.
2. It may be sunny tomorrow.
3. She could have won the race.
4. We might be right.
5. You would have liked that movie.
3. Change the following affirmative statements into negative questions. Do not use contractions in this exercise. For example:
He must be at work now.
Must he not be at work now?
They might call us later.
Might they not call us later?
1. You should be wearing a warm hat.
2. He could have decided to stay at home.
3. They might have forgotten the message.
4. She will see you again next week.
5. They would enjoy riding on the ferry.
4. For each of the following sentences, change the verb in the main clause from the Simple Present to the Simple Past; and change the modal auxiliary from the present to the past. For example:
He says he can do it.
He said he could do it.
Do you think she will manage it?
Did you think she would manage it?
1. She says he may go.
2. I think we can finish on time.
3. They know we will help them.
4. He says he must leave.
5. We believe she will be there.
5. For each of the following sentences, change the verb in the main clause from the Simple Past to the Simple Present; and change the modal auxiliary from the past to the present. For example:
They felt they could not win.
They feel they cannot win.
He believed he would reach the Amazon River in a few days.
He believes he will reach the Amazon River in a few days.
1. He thought he might arrive early.
2. She felt she must make a phone call.
3. I maintained they would not have any difficulty.
4. They realized they could not do all the work in one day.
5. We knew we should not be able to return home for Christmas.
6. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with the auxiliary could. For example:
I wish I ___________ Portuguese. (to speak)
I wish I could speak Portuguese.
They will wish they ____________ the questions. (to answer)
They will wish they could answer the questions.
You wished you _________ some chocolate. (to buy)
You wished you could buy some chocolate.
1. He wishes he ______________ them. (to call)
2. We wish we _______________ more time sightseeing. (to spend)
3. She wished she _______________ you. (to visit)
4. They will wish they _______________ to the concert. (to go)
7. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with the auxiliary could. For example:
If he wanted to, he ___________ how to sail a boat. (to learn)
If he wanted to, he could learn how to sail a boat.
If we ____________ anywhere, we would visit Greece. (to travel)
If we could travel anywhere, we would visit Greece.
1. If I _____________ you, I would be glad to do it. (to help)
2. If she played the piano, she ______________ your singing. (to accompany)
3. We _____________ before dawn if we made all our preparations tonight. (to depart)
4. He would be thrilled if he ___________ to ride a horse. (to learn)
8. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Perfect conjugation with the auxiliary could. For example:
Had I studied harder, I ___________________ every question. (to answer)
Had I studied harder, I could have answered every question.
_____ she ________ you earlier, she would have spoken to you. (to see)
Could she have seen you earlier, she would have spoken to you.
1. If you ___________________ him trying to skate, you would have laughed. (to see)
2. If I had experienced difficulties, I __________________ him for help. (to ask)
3. It would have been better if we __________________ everything to her. (to explain)
4. Had they had permission, they ______________ the arrangements themselves. (to make)
5. We _______ easily our way if we had not brought a compass with us. (to lose)
9. Fill in the blanks, indicating whether each of the following sentences is somewhat polite (S), quite polite (Q), or very polite (V). Notice the indirect phrasing of the most polite requests and suggestions. For example:
Could you pass the butter? S
Would you please pass the butter? Q
Might I trouble you to pass the butter? V
1. Could you help me? ___
2. Would you like some help? ___
3. Might I be of assistance? ___
4. You could come with us. ___
5. You might wish to accompany us. ___
6. Would you like to come with us? ___
10. Complete each of the following sentences with the auxiliary may, might or must. Use may or might when the event described seems somewhat probable, and use must when the event described seems very probable. For example:
You ___ be right; we shall have to wait and see.
You may be right; we shall have to wait and see. or You might be right; we shall have to wait and see.
That ____ be our landlord; I would recognize him anywhere.
That must be our landlord; I would recognize him anywhere.
1. Although it _________ be true, it seems unlikely.
2. That _________ have been the number 10 bus, because no other bus runs on this street.
3. We __________ have to wait a long time for a bus, because they do not run very frequently.
4. That ________ be the right answer; there is no other possibility.
5. Tell me your problem; I _________ be able to help you.
11. Rewrite the following sentences, putting the underlined verbs into the future. For example:
They can explain the situation to us.
They will be able to explain the situation to us.
May they leave whenever they wish?
Will they be allowed to leave whenever they wish?
She must obtain a license.
She will have to obtain a license.
1. She can describe it to you.
2. You must lock the doors when you leave.
3. He can follow the instructions.
4. May they stay overnight?
5. We must remember to buy groceries.
12. Add negative tag questions to the following affirmative statements. For example:
They are lucky.
They are lucky, aren't they?
You know what I mean.
You know what I mean, don't you?
We will tell him the truth.
We will tell him the truth, won't we?
She could try harder.
She could try harder, couldn't she?
1. You are cold.
2. They passed the test.
3. I can do this well.
4. You live near the school.
5. He went downtown.
6. We should call them.
13. Add affirmative tag questions to the following negative statements. For example:
She isn't well.
She isn't well, is she?
You don't eat fish.
You don't eat fish, do you?
He hadn't found it.
He hadn't found it, had he?
They won't mind.
They won't mind, will they?
1. They won't reach their destination before five o'clock.
2. He doesn't want to come with us.
3. She hasn't eaten breakfast yet.
4. They aren't very clever.
14. Write affirmative short answers to the following questions. For example:
Is he thirsty?
Yes, he is.
Haven't they read the book?
Yes, they have.
Can they finish the work by themselves?
Yes, they can.
Should she leave now?
Yes, she should.
1. Do we need any butter?
2. May they send for you?
3. Is she sure she is right?
4. Does he enjoy studying?
15. Write negative short answers to the following questions. For example:
Wasn't he thirsty?
No, he wasn't.
Were they watching television?
No, they weren't.
Should we turn left here?
No, we shouldn't.
Will they want some coffee?
No, they won't.
1. Isn't she driving her own car?
2. Will he be visiting Denmark?
3. Would she mind?
4. Could they understand everything?
16. Add the short form construction using the words and so to each of the following affirmative statements. Use the subjects shown in brackets. For example:
He is lucky. (I)
He is lucky, and so am I.
She likes chocolate. (you)
She likes chocolate, and so do you.
They can swim well. (we)
They can swim well, and so can we.
1. We are thirsty. (they)
2. You have been helpful. (she)
3. I swam to the island. (he)
4. He was riding a horse. (you)
17. Add the short form construction using the words and neither to each of the following negative statements. Use the subjects shown in brackets. For example:
He is not angry. (we)
He is not angry, and neither are we.
They didn't visit you. (I)
They didn't visit you, and neither did I.
I couldn't understand it. (she)
I couldn't understand it, and neither could she.
1. You haven't finished supper. (she)
2. He couldn't tell the time. (they)
3. She is not planning to go. (we)
4. We didn't wait long. (he)
|
Chapter 11 |
1. In each of the following sentences, underline the direct object of the verb. For example:
She forgot the pencils.
She forgot the pencils.
Was he writing a letter?
Was he writing a letter?
You did not answer the question.
You did not answer the question.
1. I watched the birds.
2. He did not close the window.
3. She rang the bell.
4. Did you find the answer?
5. I opened the door.
2. In the following sentences, the direct objects of the verbs are printed in bold type. In addition, each sentence contains an adverb or adverb phrase indicating time. Depending upon whether or not there is a direct object, complete each sentence using either to lay or to lie, as appropriate. Use the Present Continuous tense if the action takes place in the present, and use the Simple Past tense if the action took place in the past. For example:
They __________ the bricks now.
They are laying the bricks now.
I _______ the money on the counter last night.
I laid the money on the counter last night.
Right now, the dogs _________ in the middle of the road.
Right now, the dogs are lying in the middle of the road.
Yesterday, he ___ in bed until ten o'clock.
Yesterday, he lay in bed until ten o'clock.
1. Now I ______________ too close to the fire.
2. Last night he _____________ twenty dollars on top of the bookcase.
3. Right now she _______________ a fire.
4. Until last year, the treasure ______________ hidden under the earth.
5. Yesterday she ______________ her coat on the bed.
3. In the following sentences, the direct objects of the verbs are printed in bold type. In addition, each sentence contains an adverb or adverb phrase indicating time. Depending upon whether or not there is a direct object, complete each sentence using either to raise or to rise, as appropriate. Use the Present Continuous tense if the action takes place in the present; and use the Simple Past tense if the action took place in the past. For example:
Right now, he __________ sheep.
Right now, he is raising sheep.
Last night he ______ their expectations.
Last night he raised their expectations.
The price of housing _________ now.
The price of housing is rising now.
Last year she ______ at six o'clock every morning.
Last year she rose at six o'clock every morning.
1. Last night, when we heard the news, our hopes _____________.
2. Last year they _________ six hundred dollars by selling chocolate bars.
3. Now they ______________ the price of gasoline.
4. The price of gold _____________ yesterday.
5. At the moment, he ______________ corn.
4. In the following sentences, the direct objects of the verbs are printed in bold type. In addition, each sentence contains an adverb or adverb phrase indicating time. Depending upon whether or not there is a direct object, complete each sentence using either to set or to sit, as appropriate. Use the Present Continuous tense if the action takes place in the present; and use the Simple Past tense if the action took place in the past. For example:
Now they ___________ the table.
Now they are setting the table.
Last night we ___ our alarm clock for six o'clock.
Last night we set our alarm clock for six o'clock.
At the moment, the cat __________ on top of the car.
At the moment, the cat is sitting on top of the car.
Yesterday he ___ at his desk all afternoon.
Yesterday he sat at his desk all afternoon.
1. Right now they ______________ down to a good meal.
2. Yesterday they _____________ the empty bottles on the front step.
3. At the moment, she _______________ in front of the fire.
4. Now we _______________ the suitcases on the moving belt.
5. In ancient times, King Arthur's knights ____________ at the Round Table.
5. In the following sentences, the direct objects of the verbs are printed in bold type. Paying attention to whether or not there is a direct object, for each sentence, choose the correct verb from the pair given in brackets, and complete the sentence using the Present Perfect tense of the verb. For example:
I ________ two blankets on the bed. (to lay, to lie)
I have laid two blankets on the bed.
He ________ down for half an hour. (to lay, to lie)
He has lain down for half an hour.
They ___________ the flag. (to raise, to rise)
They have raised the flag.
Our opinion of them _________. (to raise, to rise)
Our opinion of them has risen.
We ________ the electric train in motion. (to set, to sit)
We have set the electric train in motion.
She ___ just ___ down. (to set, to sit)
She has just sat down.
1. They ____________ a limit of four cartons per customer. (to set, to sit)
2. We ______________ our plans carefully. (to lay, to lie)
3. You ____________ very early for the past three weeks. (to raise, to rise)
4. We _______________ in the car all afternoon. (to set, to sit)
5. They _______________ four children. (to raise, to rise)
6. He _____________ a record for endurance. (to set, to sit)
6. Rewrite each of the following sentences, omitting the underlined preposition which precedes the indirect object, and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:
I bought a rose for the singer.
I bought the singer a rose.
She gave an apple to the boy.
She gave the boy an apple.
1. I handed the book to the student.
2. He wrote a letter to the twins.
3. She made a scarf for the girl.
4. I told the story to the audience.
7. Rewrite each of the following sentences, inserting the preposition to before the indirect object, and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:
I wrote the president a letter.
I wrote a letter to the president.
They showed the visitor the garden.
They showed the garden to the visitor.
1. We sent the reporters a photograph.
2. They mailed the agency a postcard.
3. I paid the manager the fee.
4. We sold the students the doughnuts.
|
Chapter 12 |
1. Change the following affirmative statements into questions. For example:
You are required to attend the meeting.
Are you required to attend the meeting?
She is being ignored.
Is she being ignored?
1. They should be notified.
2. He might have been allowed to come.
3. You had been told about it.
2. Change the following affirmative statements into negative statements. For example:
They would have been instructed to join us.
They would not have been instructed to join us.
It was sent on time.
It was not sent on time.
1. We could have been seen from the island.
2. It is being dealt with satisfactorily.
3. They were being kept under observation.
3. Change the following affirmative statements into negative questions. Do not use contractions in this exercise. For example:
He is respected by everyone.
Is he not respected by everyone?
She should be consulted.
Should she not be consulted?
1. They were recognized immediately.
2. We were being assisted by volunteers.
3. It had been delivered.
4. For each of the following sentences, first indicate the tense of the underlined verb, and then change the verb from the Active Voice to the corresponding tense in the Passive Voice. Take note of the resulting change in the meaning of the sentence. For example:
They drive to work at seven o'clock every morning.
Simple Present: They are driven to work at seven o'clock every morning.
Did he notice?
Simple Past: Was he noticed?
She is not telling the truth.
Present Continuous: he is not being told the truth.
We have sent a message.
Present Perfect: We have been sent a message.
I will pay.
Simple Future: I will be paid.
1. Do they expect to leave? _________________
2. He is giving instructions. __________________
3. They have moved to a new location. __________________
4. She will fly to London. _________________
5. He has offered a discount. __________________
6. They have stopped. __________________
5. For each of the following sentences, first indicate the tense of the underlined verb, and then change the verb from the Passive Voice to the corresponding tense in the Active Voice. Take note of the resulting change in the meaning of the sentence. For example:
We are paid regularly.
Simple Present: We pay regularly.
She is not assisted every day.
Simple Present: She does not assist every day.
Was he not being flown to Boston?
Past Continuous: Was he not flying to Boston?
It has been grown here for the past twenty years.
Present Perfect: It has grown here for the past twenty years.
Might they be called at nine o'clock?
Simple conjugation with might: Might they call at nine o'clock?
1. We can be heard easily. _________________
2. She is being given advice. __________________
3. Were they not flown over the lake? ________________
4. I had been transferred to another department.
5. He is being stopped. __________________
6. We have been sent a letter. __________________
6. Change the underlined verbs in the following sentences from the Active Voice to the corresponding tenses in the Passive Voice. Preserve the meaning of the sentences by using the preposition by and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:
The teenager rowed the boat.
The boat was rowed by the teenager.
The girl is riding the horse.
The horse is being ridden by the girl.
The student has prepared the lunch.
The lunch has been prepared by the student.
The president will thank the members.
The members will be thanked by the president.
The children can understand the poem.
The poem can be understood by the children.
1. The woman founded the club.
2. This entry took the prize.
3. The girl is playing the guitar.
4. The mailman has delivered the letter.
5. The chauffeur can drive the car.
6. The child chose the hat.
7. Change the underlined verbs in the following sentences from the Passive Voice to the corresponding tenses in the Active Voice. Preserve the meaning of the sentences by omitting the preposition by and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:
The news was heard by everyone.
Everyone heard the news.
The orders were followed by the officials.
The officials followed the orders.
The money is being counted by the cashier.
The cashier is counting the money.
The ducks have been fed by the tourists.
The tourists have fed the ducks.
The flowers will be photographed by the naturalist.
The naturalist will photograph the flowers.
1. The bill was paid by the manager.
2. The bread was made by the baker.
3. The wiring must be checked by the electrician.
4. The crow was being scolded by the squirrel.
5. The book was written by a doctor.
6. The house was painted by a student.
8. Complete the following sentences using the Simple Present Subjunctive of the Passive Voice of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:
She ordered that the most important details _______ known. (to make)
She ordered that the most important details be made known.
He advises that the plane ________ at a high altitude. (to fly)
He advises that the plane be flown at a high altitude.
1. They demand that the change of plans _____________ at nine o'clock. (to announce)
2. We ask that permission to compete ____________ to everyone. (to grant)
3. It is important that their accomplishments ____________. (to recognize)
4. It is crucial that we _____________ of any change. (to advise)
5. He asks that his affairs ____________ in order. (to put)
6. They requested that their qualifications ______________. (to accept)
|
Chapter 13 |
1. For each of the following sentences, change the subject of the verb to the plural, and change the verb so that it agrees with its subject. For example:
The room is large.
The rooms are large.
The letter was delivered yesterday.
The letters were delivered yesterday.
The tourist has a map.
The tourists have a map.
The girl studies hard.
The girls study hard.
1. The book was heavy.
2. The train has left.
3. The bird was singing.
4. The door was closed by the superintendent.
5. The shoe fits well.
2. For each of the following sentences, change the subject of the verb to the plural, and change the verb so that it agrees with its subject. For example:
The beach is supervised by lifeguards.
The beaches are supervised by lifeguards.
The singer performs twice a week.
The singers perform twice a week.
The class was visiting the museum.
The classes were visiting the museum.
The vase has been filled with flowers.
The vases have been filled with flowers.
1. The box was empty.
2. The river flows to the sea.
3. The bush has grown in the last two months.
4. The hat was on sale.
5. The bench is made of stone.
6. The plant has been watered.
7. The hedge is being trimmed.
8. The process was invented last year.
3. For each of the following sentences, change the subject of the verb to the plural, and change the verb so that it agrees with its subject. For example:
The party was held downtown.
The parties were held downtown.
The society accomplishes a great deal.
The societies accomplish a great deal.
The day seemed long.
The days seemed long.
1. The berry was red.
2. The key was difficult to use.
3. The valley is very beautiful.
4. The eddy can be dangerous for swimmers.
5. The journey was undertaken by pilgrims.
6. The daisy was picked by the child.
7. The monkey is considered to be sacred.
8. The gully is full of water.
4. Rewrite each of the following sentences, adding the word two before the proper noun. Change the proper noun to the plural, and change the verb so that it agrees with its subject. For example:
Smith lives in this building.
Two Smiths live in this building.
Harry was nominated for the position.
Two Harrys were nominated for the position.
Alex is here.
Two Alexes are here.
1. Maurice is volunteering.
2. Jones was ordered to leave.
3. Harrison owns land.
4. Sandy has telephoned us.
5. Susan met us.
6. Trish is studying French.
5. For each of the following sentences, change the subject of the verb to the plural, and change the verb so that it agrees with its subject. For example:
The knife has been sharpened.
The knives have been sharpened.
The reef attracts tourists.
The reefs attract tourists.
The thief will be caught.
The thieves will be caught.
1. The leaf has turned red.
2. The fife had the solo.
3. The calf is hungry.
4. The scarf kept him warm.
5. The knife will be useful.
6. The giraffe was eating leaves.
6. For each of the following sentences, change the subject of the verb to the plural, and change the verb so that it agrees with its subject. For example:
The hero was enthusiastically welcomed.
The heroes were enthusiastically welcomed.
The studio is used by many artists.
The studios are used by many artists.
1. The radio is broadcasting news every hour.
2. The tomato was being baked.
3. The mosquito woke us up.
4. The soprano performed with the orchestra.
5. The solo was played by the violinist.
6. The archipelago lies off the coast of South America.
7. For each of the following sentences, change the subject of the verb to the plural, and change the verb so that it agrees with its subject. For example:
The hypothesis is still tentative.
The hypotheses are still tentative.
The nebula has been studied by many scientists.
The nebulae have been studied by many scientists.
The thesis will have been reviewed by experts.
The theses will have been reviewed by experts.
1. The synopsis is accurate.
2. The phenomenon surprised us.
3. The stratum contains fossils.
4. The analysis was proved correct.
5. The crisis has caused concern.
6. The spectrum includes many different colors of light.
8. For each of the following sentences, change the subject of the verb to the plural, and change the verb so that it agrees with its subject. For example:
The goose likes to eat daisies.
The geese like to eat daisies.
The ox was being led to the barn.
The oxen were being led to the barn.
The salmon has been caught by the bear.
The salmon have been caught by the bear.
1. The child is happy.
2. The sheep has been sheared.
3. The man was being given directions.
4. The deer is eating the hay.
5. The woman has visited us.
6. The mouse makes a great deal of noise at night.
|
Chapter 14 |
1. Rewrite each of the following sentences, changing the subject of the verb to the singular, inserting a or an before the subject, as appropriate, and changing the verb to agree with the subject. For example:
Violins are difficult to play.
A violin is difficult to play.
Unions have been formed.
A union has been formed.
Answers are always provided.
An answer is always provided.
Heirs have many friends.
An heir has many friends.
1. Avocados are expensive.
2. Windows are an important feature of an artist's studio.
3. Umbrellas should not be used during a thunderstorm.
4. Horses can be useful in the mountains.
5. Cashews are a type of nut.
6. Onions can be used for flavoring soup.
7. Trucks have many uses.
8. Hours passed.
2. Fill in each blank with either the indefinite article (a or an) or the definite article (the). Use a or an with nouns referring to people or things which have not been mentioned previously, and use the with nouns referring to people or things which have been mentioned previously.
I had never visited Seretnay Park before. Last week I went to ____ park and chose ____ tour to take. There were twenty tourists and one guide. ____ guide asked what we wanted to see. I said I had never seen ____ eagle, and I would like to see one. ____ child on ____ tour said he would like to see ____ beaver, since he had heard there were many in ____ park. ____ guide said he would do his best. First he led us along ____ road, and then we turned off onto ____ path. To our right was ____ marshy pond.
Suddenly ____ child who had spoken before shouted, "Look! I see ____ beaver!" Of course ____ beaver was startled. It slapped its tail and disappeared into pond.
Our guide pointed to ____ pile of sticks and said, "That's where ____ beaver lives. That's his house." I had my camera with me, and took ____ photograph of ____ house.
As we were standing there, ____ guide was looking across ____ pond through ____ small telescope. After a minute, he tapped my shoulder and handed me ____ telescope. He pointed to ____ tall tree and said, "Do you see that white speck? That's ____ bald eagle."
I had difficulty focusing ____ telescope, but finally I saw ____ eagle. As I watched, ____ eagle spread its wings and soared over the water.
It was ____ wonderful experience for me to see some of the wild creatures that live in ____ park.
3. Fill in each blank with a, an or the. Be prepared to justify your choice. For example:
___ moon is full tonight.
The moon is full tonight.
He is ___ singer.
He is a singer.
Please sit in ___ center of the boat.
Please sit in the center of the boat.
The room costs twenty dollars ___ day.
The room costs twenty dollars a day.
___ wheel is considered one of mankind's most important inventions.
The wheel is considered one of mankind's most important inventions.
1. His aunt is ____ teacher.
2. ____ architect is trained in design, drafting, and economics.
3. ____ ostrich is the world's largest bird.
4. Buses pass this point two or three times ____ hour.
5. Plants gain energy from the light of ____ sun.
6. I woke up in ____ middle of the night.
7. She is ____ doctor.
8. ____ seal is an excellent swimmer.